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APA 7th Edition Referencing Guide1

A Wintec Library guide to referencing in APA 7th edition style

Quick links


Author with a middle name

The example below shows how to reference a book with a middle name. If you are given the full middle name, for example, Richard Karl Jones, use the first initial just like you would with the first name.

Author, A. A. (Copyright date). Title: Subtitle in italic sentence case. Publisher.

Jones, R. K. (2007). Nursing leadership and management: Theories, processes and practice. F. A. Davis. 


Examples

Reference list entry

Jones, R. K. (2007). Nursing leadership and management: Theories, processes and practice. F. A. Davis.

In-text citations

Narrative
Jones (2007) argues that ... (p. 182).

Parenthetical
... (Jones, 2007, p. 182).


How do I reference a U.S. patent?

When referencing a US patent, give the name of the inventor, the year in which the patent was issued, the patent's title, patent number, and URL. For example:

Inventor, A. (Patent issue year). Title of patent in italic sentence case (U.S. Patent No. 123,456,789). U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. URL


Examples

Reference list entry

Scalise, C. M. (2008). Fruit protection system (U.S. Patent No. 7,377,392). U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml

In-text citations

Narrative
The product designed by Scalise (2008) features...

Parenthetical
... (Scalise, 2008).


Table with multiple citations

If you need to cite several cells or pieces of information within the table, you can use a footnote system:

Note
The footnotes serve as your in-text citation. However, you will need to give a full reference for each citation. See Table reproduced in an assignment above for examples.

What is a DOI?

A Digital Object Identifier, or DOI, is a unique code/series of numbers used to identify an electronic resource and provide a reliable link to its location online. A DOI looks similar to a URL but unlike URLs, which can change or stop working entirely, a DOI is a permanent link to a particular resource.


DOI presentation

DOIs on Onesearch may look like this:

However, DOIs should only be presented as follows:
https://doi.org/10.456.789

Do this for all DOIs, including ones that look like https://dx.doi.org/123.456.789 or DOI: 123.456.789.

Note
If a resource is accompanied by a DOI, you should always include the DOI when referencing
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