APA 7th Edition Referencing Guide1

Quick links

How to find the date for a website

Quite often the date will be near the top of the page and is easy to find.

If you can't find a date in this location, it may be at the bottom of the webpage.

Use:

• Date "Last modified"
• Date "Last updated"

Do not use:

• The date of copyright
• Date "Last reviewed"

If there is only a copyright date or "Page last reviewed", use n.d. in place of the date. See here for more on using no date.

Referencing a webpage with an individual author

When referencing a webpage, use the most specific date possible (the full date if known). A website could have:

• no date = (n.d.).
• a full date = (Year, Month day).
• a year and a month = (Year, Month).
• a year only = (Year).

Italicise the title of the individual webpage and, if the webpage has an individual (rather than corporate/group) author, include the name of the website (not in italics) before the URL.

Author Surname, A. (Year, Month day). Title of webpage in italic sentence case. Name of Website in Title Case. URL

Examples

Referencing a webpage with a corporate/group author

When referencing a webpage that doesn't have an individual author, it is considered a corporate author (which is the name of the website). Omit the name of the website between the title of the webpage and the URL (if the same as the corporate author).

Give as much date information as is given. A website could have:

• no date = (n.d.).
• a full date = (Year, Month day).
• a year and a month = (Year, Month).
• a year only = (Year).

Corporate/Group Author. (Year, Month day). Title of webpage in italic sentence case. URL

Examples

Referencing a webpage with no date

Webpages with no date or no date clearly attributable to the material on the webpage (e.g. a modified/last updated date) should be referenced with (n.d.). The example below shows how to reference a webpage with no date and indicates the elements required.

Author Surname, A. or Corporate/Group Author. (n.d.). Title of webpage in italic sentence case. URL

Examples

Referencing tricky government websites

Most government websites will be a straight forward reference, because the name of the website is the name of the ministry that published it. The ministry therefore becomes a corporate author.

Name of Ministry. (Date). Title of webpage in italic sentence case. URL

However, some websites that are published by the government have a name that is not a ministry. Below are some government websites that can be tricky to reference because of this.

NZHistory

Waitangi Tribunal

Justice.govt.nz

Are You OK?

Referencing software (including generative AI)

The example below shows how to reference software.

In-text citations for written content created with generative AI

Best practice is to incorporate your prompt and the output into your assignment to make it clear how you have used the AI model.

If the prompt or output is long you may include full transcripts in an appendix:

In-text citations for images created with generative AI 

For written assignments, use a figure number and include your prompt as a note beneath the in-text citation. See the example below.

Figure 1

Example of an AI-generated Image

(Midjourney, 2022)

Note. Image generated using the prompt "poster green forests words mindfulness birdsong and a New Zealand tui songbird"

For visual presentations, provide an in-text citation that includes the Software Name and the date of the software version:

(Midjourney, 2022)